![]() Of the 215 subjects, 52% were male, the mean age was 44 years, and the mean illness duration was 19 years. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance, controlling for age, sex, and illness duration. BMI was trichotomized as normal (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9), and obesity (≥30). Metabolic syndrome was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria (Alberti). Subjects also had anthropometric measures, vital signs, and fasting blood samples for glucose and lipids. Subjects were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale, and lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Exclusion criteria were comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) autoimmune, neurodegenerative, or neuroinflammatory disease hemodialysis and interferon immunotherapy. Inclusion criteria were inpatients and outpatients aged >18 years with complete anthropometric and clinical data. 6 Diagnosis was made by structured clinical interview by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. Stensel and colleagues 5 investigated associations between metabolic syndrome, obesity, and suicidality in 215 patients with bipolar disorder who were part of the ongoing BIPLONG longitudinal study. 4 One previous study found that suicide attempts were more likely in patients with (versus without) metabolic syndrome and obesity. 3 There is also an increased prevalence of suicide in patients with bipolar disorder, with an estimated 34% lifetime prevalence of suicide attempt. 2 There is an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and constellation of risk factors-including abdominal obesity, hypertension, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism-associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in patients with bipolar disorder. One month after his last outpatient appointment, his family contacted the clinic to report his death by suicide.īipolar disorder is associated with increased premature mortality, 1 including cardiometabolic disorders. He would often state that he wished he had died instead of his brother. He saw his psychiatrist monthly, and was adherent with mood stabilizing medication, but reported chronic, passive suicidal ideation without plan or intent. ![]() He also met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, with increased waist circumference, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated blood pressure. He also had chronic unresolved grief regarding the death of his brother from a myocardial infarction several years ago. He had chronic relationship stress with his parents and adult son, whom he felt did not understand his depression. He had a history of 3 previous suicide attempts via overdose, all of which were >5 years ago. “Mr Wallace” is a 43-year-old African-American male with an 8-year history of bipolar I disorder, who experienced depression with psychotic features in his most recent episode. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |